Solar panel cells absorb the sun’s energy in the form of photons and then converts them into electrons, taking the form of DC (direct current) electricity. A solar cell, or PV (photovoltaic) cell is made up of 2 types of silicon that promote positive and negative electrical charges that are surrounded by conducting metals which transfer the electrons. The panel is topped with extremely durable tempered glass allows light in while protecting the PV cell from damage.

Before DC electricity can be sent to the electrical panel it must be converted into AC (alternating current). AC power is used to supply electricity to all connected properties. In order to convert DC power from the solar PV cell into AC power that can be used, the electrical current must pass through an inverter. This is the final step before power can be transferred from the solar panels into your home for everyday use.

Once the inverter converts the power to AC, it can then be sent to the electrical panel. An electrical panel is a component of the electricity supply system that divides electrical power into subsidiary circuits that power appliances, lights, receptacles, etc. throughout the home.

In a residential grid-tied solar PV system, a hydro or bidirectional meter controls the flow of energy to or from your electricity supplier. When your solar PV system produces excess electricity it can either be stored in optional backup batteries or it can be sold to your utility provider for credits on your electricity bill (net-metering). When your solar PV system is no longer producing sufficient power to your home, you can still rely on your energy company to provide electricity so you do not experience a blackout.

A backup generator can be implemented in your residential grid-tied solar PV system. A backup generator utilizes a small combustion engine to create electrical current. It can be very useful during a blackout period when no electricity is being produced by the solar PV system, optional backup batteries or the utility grid. With a backup generator, you won’t have to worry about power outage issues any longer.

Optional deep cycle batteries could also be utilized in a residential grid-tied solar PV system to store excess DC electricity generated by the solar panels. The energy stored in the backup batteries can then be dispersed during a blackout period when no electricity is being produced by the solar PV system or the utility grid.